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Khalid Sheikh Mohammed ((アラビア語:خالد شيخ محمد, ''Khālid Shaykh Muḥammad''); also transliterated as Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, and additionally known by at least fifty aliases, born 1964 or 1965) is an international terrorist held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba for acts of terrorism including the mass murder of civilians. He was identified as "the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks" by the ''9/11 Commission Report.'' Sheikh Mohammed was a member of Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization, leading al-Qaeda's propaganda operations from around 1999 until late 2001. He confessed to FBI and CIA agents to a role in many of the most significant terrorist plots over the last twenty years, but the enhanced interrogation techniques used for high-value terror suspects, which a Senate Report in 2014 called brutal and ineffective, have put his confessions into question. Mohammed was captured on March 1, 2003, in the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi by a combined CIA and Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agents, and immediately extradited to the United States. By December 2006 he had been transferred to military custody at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In March 2007, while being interrogated, Mohammed confessed to masterminding the September 11 attacks, the Richard Reid shoe bombing attempt to blow up an airliner, the Bali nightclub bombing in Indonesia, the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the murder of Daniel Pearl, and various foiled attacks, as well as numerous other crimes.〔(Ali Soufan and Daniel Freedman, ''The Black Banners: The Inside Story of 9/11 and the War Against al-Qaeda'' ), 2011〕〔(Chris McGreal, "Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: former military prosecutor denounces trial" ), ''The Guardian'', 4 May 2012〕 He was charged in February 2008 with war crimes and murder by a U.S. military commission at Guantanamo Bay detention camp and could face the death penalty if convicted. In 2012, a former military prosecutor criticized the proceedings as insupportable due to confessions gained under torture.〔 In ''Boumediene v. Bush'' (2008), the United States Supreme Court ruled that detainees had the right of access to US federal courts to petition under habeas corpus to challenge their detentions, and that the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 and the Military Commissions Act of 2006 were flawed. A revised Military Commissions Act was passed by Congress in 2009 to address court concerns. ==Early life and education== According to official records, Sheikh Mohammed was born on 14 April 1965 (or 1 March 1964) in Balochistan, Pakistan.〔 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/10/26/khalid-sheikh-mohammed )〕 Some sources indicate his place of birth as Kuwait.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Khalid Shaikh Mohammed )〕 It is believed that he belongs to the Baloch ethnic group and is fluent in Balochi, Urdu, Arabic, and English.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prisoners : Ghost: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed )〕 He grew up and spent his formative years in Kuwait, as did his nephew Ramzi Yousef (three years his junior and the son of Mohammed's older sister). According to U.S. federal documents, in 1982 he had heard Abdul Rasul Sayyaf's speech in which a call for jihad against the Soviets was declared.〔 At age sixteen, he joined the Muslim Brotherhood.〔, page 111〕 After graduating from high school in 1983, Mohammad travelled to the United States and enrolled in Chowan University in Murfreesboro, North Carolina. He later transferred to North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and received a Bachelor of Science (BS) in mechanical engineering in 1986.〔 The following year he went to Peshawar, Pakistan,〔 where he and his brothers, including Zahed, joined the mujahideen forces engaged in the Soviet war in Afghanistan. He attended the Sada training camp run by Sheikh Abdallah Azzam, and after that he worked for the magazine ''al-Bunyan al-Marsous'', produced by Sayyaf's rebel group, the Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan. In 1992, he received a master's degree in Islamic Culture and History through correspondence classes from Punjab University in Pakistan.〔 By 1993, Mohammad had married and moved his family to Qatar, where he took a position as project engineer with the Qatari Ministry of Electricity and Water.〔 He began to travel to different countries from that time onward. The United States 9/11 Commission Report notes that, "By his own account, KSM's animus toward the United States stemmed not from his experiences there as a student, but rather from his violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel." However, on August 29, 2009, ''The Washington Post'' reported from US intelligence sources that Mohammed's time in the U.S. contributed to his becoming a terrorist. "KSM's limited and negative experience in the United States — which included a brief jail stay because of unpaid bills — almost certainly helped propel him on his path to becoming a terrorist," according to this intelligence summary. "He stated that his contact with Americans, while minimal, confirmed his view that the United States was a debauched and racist country."〔("9/11 planner is recast as key asset for CIA" ), MSNBC. accessed September 11, 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khalid Sheikh Mohammed」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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